November 9, 2015 โ LINABUAN SUR, Philippines โ When Eril Andrade left this small village, he was healthy and hoping to earn enough on a fishing boat on the high seas to replace his motherโs leaky roof. Seven months later, his body was sent home in a wooden coffin: jet black from having been kept in a fish freezer aboard a ship for more than a month, missing an eye and his pancreas, and covered in cuts and bruises, which an autopsy report concluded had been inflicted before death. โSick and resting,โ said a note taped to his body. Handwritten in Chinese by the shipโs captain, it stated only that Mr. Andrade, 31, had fallen ill in his sleep.
Mr. Andrade, who died in February 2011, and nearly a dozen other men in his village had been recruited by an illegal โmanning agency,โ tricked with false promises of double the actual wages and then sent to an apartment in Singapore, where they were locked up for weeks, according to interviews and affidavits taken by local prosecutors. While they waited to be deployed to Taiwanese tuna ships, several said, a gatekeeper demanded sex from them for assignments at sea.
Once aboard, the men endured 20 ยญhour workdays and brutal beatings, only to return home unpaid and deeply in debt from thousands of dollars in upfront costs, prosecutors say. Thousands of maritime employment agencies around the world provide a vital service, supplying crew members for ships, from small trawlers to giant container carriers, and handling everything from paychecks to plane tickets.
While many companies operate responsibly, over all the industry, which has drawn little attention, is poorly regulated. The few rules on the books do not even apply to fishing ships, where the worst abuses tend to happen, and enforcement is lax. Illegal agencies operate with even greater impunity, sending men to ships notorious for poor safety and labor recordsอพ instructing them to travel on tourist or transit visas, which exempt them from the protections of many labor and antiยญtrafficking lawsอพ and disavowing them if they are denied pay, injured, killed, abandoned or arrested at sea.
โItโs lies and cheating on land, then beatings and death at sea, then shame and debt when these men get home,โ said Shelley Thio, a board member of Transient Workers Count Too, a migrant workersโ advocacy group in Singapore. โAnd the manning agencies are what make it all possible.
Step Up Marine Enterprise, the Singapore based company that recruited Mr. Andrade and the other villagers, has a well documented record of trouble, according to an examination of court records, police reports and case files in Singapore and the Philippines. In episodes dating back two decades, the company has been tied to trafficking, severe physical abuse, neglect, deceptive recruitment and failure to pay hundreds of seafarers in India, Indonesia, Mauritius, the Philippines and Tanzania.
Still, its owners have largely escaped accountability. Last year, for example, prosecutors opened the biggest trafficking case in Cambodian history, involving more than 1,000 fishermen, but had no jurisdiction to charge Step Up for recruiting them. In 2001, the Supreme Court of the Philippines harshly reprimanded Step Up and a partner company in Manila for systematically duping men, knowingly sending them to abusive employers and cheating them, but Step Upโs owners faced no penalties.