Saving Seafood

Bidenโ€™s 30ร—30 plan gives hope, but also uncertainy

June 16, 2021 โ€” On May 6th, the Biden administration released the โ€œConserving and Restoring America the Beautifulโ€ report that instructed NOAA to expand the National Marine Sanctuaries System, the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, to โ€œhelp restore fish populations and better protect threatened and endangered species.โ€ This report is considered the administrationโ€™s plan to meet the 30% of land and water protected by 2030 or โ€œ30 by 30โ€ initiative put forth by executive order (E.O. 14008) in January 2021.

Before getting into the specifics of this report, it is worth reviewing the history of the โ€œ30ร—30โ€ planning process and some of the initial responses from stakeholders:

  • October 2015 โ€“ Jane Lubchenco and Kirsten Grorud-Colvert publish a paper in Science Magazine titled: โ€œMaking waves: The science and politics of ocean protectionโ€. This paper is credited for introducing the 30% global marine protected area (MPA) target.
  • September 2016 โ€“ The World Conservation Congress voted to support increasing the portion of the ocean that is highly protected to at least 30% to help effectively conserve biodiversity.
  • November 2020 โ€“ U.S. Representative Raul Grijalva introduced the Ocean-Based Climate Solutions Act. Title II of this act called for expanding marine protected areas (MPAs) in U.S. waters to equal 30% of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ).
  • November 2020 โ€“ Immediately after this introduction, more than 830 seafood industry stakeholders sent a letter to Rep. Grijalva expressing their concern about the proposals under Title II.
  • December 2020 โ€“ 28 prominent marine scientists sent a similar letter of opposition to Congress, questioning the justification for 30% MPAs described in Title II.

When the Biden administration introduced the 30ร—30 initiative in January 2021, various fishing industry stakeholders were upset for similar reasons described in the letters of opposition towards Title II of the Ocean-Based Climate Solutions Act.

Read the full story at Sustainable Fisheries UW

Are โ€œStrongly Protectedโ€ MPAs the Future of Ocean Conservation?

November 19, 205 โ€” A new paper in science by Jane Lubchenco and Kirsten Grorud-Colvert discusses the recent progress and advocates for creating and enforcing โ€œstrongly protectedโ€ marine protected areas (MPAs). For the purposes of this paper, strongly protected MPAs are those that restrict all commercial activity and allow only light recreational or subsistence fishing. Today only 3.5% of the ocean is protected but only 1.6% is strongly protected. The 10% protection goal for coastal marine areas by 2020 decided recently at the Convention on Biological Diversity is too loosely defined and should be specific to strongly protected MPAs or marine reserves. However it should be noted that significant progress has been made in establishing more strongly protected MPAs in the past decade, which, โ€œreflects increasingly strong scientific evidence about the social, economic and environmental benefits of full protection.โ€

The authors highlight seven key findings suggesting that such MPAs are indeed needed in a greater percentage of global oceans. Successful MPA programs must be integrated across political boundaries but also with the ecosystems they assist โ€“ an ecosystem-based management approach is essential. Engaging users almost always improves outcomes. MPAs may improve resilience to future effects of climate change, but there is no question that, โ€œFull protection works,โ€ such that primary ecological goals are almost always met with strongly protected MPAs.

In conclusion, six political recommendations are outlined. An integrated approach is equally important in the political balance for successful MPAs โ€“ other management schemes must be considered and dynamic planning is most effective in preparation for changing ecological systems. There is no one-size-fits-all method for MPAs. Top-down or bottom-up approaches have been successful and to determine the right strategy stakeholders should always be involved in the process. Perhaps most importantly, user incentives need to be changed in order to alleviate the economic trauma of short-term losers.

Read the full story at CFOOD