Saving Seafood

MAINE: Study reveals climate change toll on Maine’s kelp forests

September 26, 2024 — Parts of the warming Gulf of Maine have become inhospitable for kelp forests, according to new research from the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences in East Boothbay.

Between 2001 and 2018, a team led by senior research scientist Doug Rasher combined dive surveys of kelp population and data on ocean temperature to compile the first detailed census of Maine’s kelp forests in nearly 20 years.

The results were startling, Rasher said. Maine’s kelp forests were devoured by a green urchin overpopulation in the 1980s and 1990s, but rebounded around the turn of the century.

“We anticipated that with the rise and fall of the sea urchin fishery and the absence of sea urchins in the ecosystem, that kelp forests should have been widespread and pretty healthy across the coast of Maine,” Rasher said.

But that’s not what his team found, according to the results of their research published in the journal Ecology. Kelp forests persisted off Maine’s northern coast but south of Casco Bay they had almost disappeared.

Read the full article at Bangor Daily News

Scientists document complex changes to Maine’s kelp forests

September 17, 2024 — Kelp forests are a foundational feature along Maine’s coastline, providing the food, habitat, and clean water needed for a rich marine ecosystem. But these forests are in flux due to changes in modern fisheries and, more recently, due to rapid warming.

A team of scientists led by Douglas Rasher, a senior research scientist at Bigelow Laboratory, are illuminating those changes with the first in-depth census of Maine’s kelp forests in almost 20 years. Their findings show the widespread collapse of forests along the southern coast but provide new evidence for the surprising resilience of kelp forests in northern Maine, even as warming drives slow but significant declines there.

This research, made possible by funding from Maine Sea Grant and recently published in the journal Ecology, highlights just how much climate change is altering long-standing ecological relationships, as well as the importance of regional differences in how ecosystems may respond to ocean warming.

“I was floored by how dramatically the seaweed communities had changed and how much warmer coastal waters had become,” said Thew Suskiewicz, a former postdoctoral researcher at Bigelow Laboratory and the study’s first author. “The more we sampled for this project, the more apparent those changes were and, sadly, I anticipate this is only the beginning.”

Read the full article at the Penobscot Bay Pilot

Conservationists seek permanent marine protection for Cashes Ledge off Cape Ann

July 29, 2024 — A rare underwater mountain range 80 miles off the coast of Cape Ann – home to the region’s largest kelp forest – may become a protected national marine sanctuary, joining just 16 other sanctuaries in the U.S.

The Conservation Law Foundation, based in Boston, submitted a nomination to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) today to designate Cashes Ledge as a sanctuary.

National marine sanctuaries are permanently protectedfrom fishing, shipping and ocean dumping and offer a haven for marine life and an undisturbed ecological site for scientific research.

The nomination triggers a yearslong review process that could lead to the 766-square mile site being formally designated.

“The kelp forest harbors this treasure trove of marine life plants and animals … and a tremendous amount of biodiversity,” CLF’s senior scientist Gareth Lawson said, describing the area to be protected.

Research shows the Gulf of Maine warming faster than 97 percent of the global ocean, and scientists backing the effort to protect the habitat and marine life at Cashes Ledge say the need for conservation here is urgent.

Read the full article at CAI

Banning fishing won’t protect local kelp forests from marine heat waves

April 16, 2024 –I recently read an impassioned Sentinel Guest Commentary (April 4) urging support for the creation of new marine protected areas (MPAs) that would ban all fishing in the waters off of Natural Bridges past Four Mile Beach out to three miles offshore and in the kelp beds between Pleasure Point and Capitola. While I strongly agree with the writer’s general sentiment that we need to protect the ocean from various threats, I feel compelled to highlight some specific inaccuracies in their scientific justification for these proposed MPAs.

As a marine scientist and ocean lover, I am not used to pushing back against efforts to protect the ocean. But, nothing is more frustrating than seeing good scientific research being misrepresented to bolster a preconceived agenda. So I got involved with a community group called Allwaters (allwaters.org) that is standing up for the responsible use of science and common-sense ocean conservation that maintains access for sustainable fishing. My experience in fisheries science has taught me that ocean conservation and responsible fishing practices can support each other.

Despite the previous writer’s claim, there is little scientific evidence to support the idea that MPAs will protect Central California kelp forests from marine heat waves. A study published last month in the Journal of Phycology looked at MPAs around the world and found that kelp suffered during warm water events whether it was in an MPA or not.

Read the full article at the SANTA CRUZ SENTINEL

Huffman-sponsored bill seeks grant funding to restore kelp forests

August 10, 2021 — A bill sponsored by U.S. Rep. Jared Huffman to protect marine ecosystems in northern California recently got its first hearing in a subcommittee he chairs.

The California Democrat included H.R. 4458, the Keeping Ecosystems Living and Productive (KELP) Act, before the House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Oceans, and Wildlife during a 29 July hearing. The bill calls for creating a new grant program within NOAA to fund projects to restore kelp forests. It calls for USD 50 million (EUR 42.6 million) in funding annually from the 2022 fiscal year, which starts on 1 October, 2021, through fiscal year 2026.

Read the full story at Seafood Source

Where’s the kelp? Warm ocean takes toll on undersea forests

August 22, 2017 — APPLEDORE ISLAND, Maine — When diving in the Gulf of Maine a few years back, Jennifer Dijkstra expected to be swimming through a flowing kelp forest that had long served as a nursery and food for juvenile fish and lobster.

But Dijkstra, a University of New Hampshire marine biologist, saw only a patchy seafloor before her. The sugar kelp had declined dramatically and been replaced by invasive, shrub-like seaweed that looked like a giant shag rug.

“I remember going to some dive sites and honestly being shocked at how few kelp blades we saw,” she said.

The Gulf of Maine, stretching from Cape Cod to Nova Scotia, is the latest in a growing list of global hotspots losing their kelp, including hundreds of miles in the Mediterranean Sea, off southern Japan and Australia, and parts of the California coast.

Among the world’s most diverse marine ecosystems, kelp forests are found on all continental coastlines except for Antarctica and provide critical food and shelter to myriad fish and other creatures. Kelp also is critical to coastal economies, providing billions of dollars in tourism and fishing.

The likely culprit for the loss of kelp, according to several scientific studies, is warming oceans from climate change, coupled with the arrival of invasive species. In Maine, the invaders are other seaweeds. In Australia, the Mediterranean and Japan, tropical fish are feasting on the kelp.

Read the full story from the Associated Press at Boston.com

West Coast fisheries are at risk as climate change disturbs the ocean’s chemistry

April 20, 2016 — The West Coast’s abundant fisheries are at risk as the region’s waters become more acidic, a group of scientists warn.

Researchers from the West Coast Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Science Panel released a report this month that projects dire changes to ocean chemistry and marine life, and recommends ways to avert it, including restoring kelp forests and eelgrass beds and combating marine pollution.

The panel convened in 2013 to study how global carbon emissions are lowering pH and reducing oxygen levels in the ocean off the West Coast.

“Although ocean acidification is a global phenomenon, emerging research indicates that the U.S.-Canadian West Coast will face some of the earliest, most severe changes in ocean carbon chemistry,” the report says.

Because of the way the Pacific Ocean circulates, the West Coast is exposed to more acidic water than other areas of the globe. Oyster production in the Pacific Northwest has already declined, as changes in ocean chemistry tamper with shell formation, and scientists warn that popular game fish and other species are also at risk.

Read the full story from the Los Angeles Times

Ocean souring on climate change

April 18, 2016 — The West Coast’s famously abundant fisheries are at risk as the region’s waters become more acidic, a group of scientists have warned.

The researchers, with the West Coast Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Science Panel, this month released a report that projects dire changes to ocean chemistry and marine life, and recommends ways to avert it, including restoring kelp forests and eelgrass beds, and combating local marine pollution.

The panel, including Andrew Dickson, a professor of marine chemistry at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, convened in 2013 to study how global carbon emissions are lowering pH and reducing oxygen levels in the ocean off the West Coast.

“Although ocean acidification is a global phenomenon, emerging research indicates that the U.S.-Canadian West Coast will face some of the earliest, most severe changes in ocean carbon chemistry,” the report states.

Read the full story at The San Diego Union-Tribune