February 24, 2025 — Scientists are tracking the abundance of these fish in local waters. You can help.
Gulf Stream orphans is a term for tropical fish who took a journey far from home via the Gulf Stream and ended up in northern waters, like here off Cape Cod.
Associate Curator of Aquatic Collections at the New England Aquarium Mike O’Neill launched the Gulf Stream Orphan Project a decade ago. Now, he and his colleagues have published a paper that looks at all the data they’ve collected over the years.
Gilda Geist Mike, I want to talk about this term, Gulf Stream orphans. Where does that term come from?
Mike O’Neill So that is a term that has been used here at the aquarium for a while. These fish have been called a variety of things depending on where you are. They also are referred to as tropical strays and Gulf Stream riders.
These are unusual tropical and subtropical species that show up here naturally every summer and fall, but it’s due to getting carried by the Gulf Stream. And the Gulf Stream is this massive mover of water that carries tropical water northward from the Caribbean, and water from the Gulf Stream can make landfall in Massachusetts and along the coast of North America. In all that water from the tropics are the planktonic forms and juvenile life stages of a lot of different species. When our environmental conditions in the summer and fall are warm enough, the species from the tropics can continue to survive that transport, and then they arrive along our coasts and continue to grow up and develop and take their role in our ecosystems.