Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) aren't sufficient to solve some of the most pressing issues affecting our oceans, despite our nation's recent enthusiasm for promoting them.
December 9, 2014 — The following is an excerpt from an op-ed, written by Dr. Ray Hilborn, Dr. Brian Rothschild, Dr. Steve Cadrin, and Thor Lassen, that was published online today by The Hill's Congress Blog.
Dr. Ray Hilborn is Professor of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences at the University of Washington and the author of Overfishing: What Everyone Needs to Know by Oxford University Press. Dr. Brian Rothschild is Dean Emeritus of the University of Massachusetts School for Marine Science and Technology. Dr. Steve Cadrin is the immediate past President of the American Institute of Fisheries Research Biologists. Thor Lassen is the founder and President of Ocean Trust.
Environmental sustainability was one of the top concerns at the mid-November Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Beijing, as shown by the potentially groundbreaking climate agreement reached between the United States and China. The fate of the world's oceans, from issues ranging from climate change to overfishing, was also in the spotlight, being mentioned by Secretary of State John Kerry as one of many challenges facing the Asia-Pacific region. Unfortunately, the solutions we're focusing on are not enough to solve the problems that our marine environments face.
The APEC summit is the most recent instance in which the US has touted the expansion of marine preserves as a tonic for global overfishing, especially as climate change and ocean acidification threaten to radically alter our ocean ecosystems. This past September, the Administration created the largest marine reserve in the world when it expanded the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, moving this strategy to the forefront of our international ocean policy. Secretary Kerry hailed this development as "critical" at the summit, going on to note, "most of the fisheries of the world are overfished."
But Secretary Kerry gets some key facts wrong here. For one, most of the fisheries of the world are not overfished. In 2014, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) placed that number at 29 percent, and reported that approximately 70 percent of the stocks that they assessed were being fished within biologically sustainable levels. If the U.S. is going to promote sustainability worldwide, it should acknowledge current management successes.
And more importantly, these Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) aren't sufficient to solve some of the most pressing issues affecting our oceans, despite our nation's recent enthusiasm for promoting them.
MPAs are certainly very useful for certain conservation goals. They can protect vulnerable habitats like coral reefs as well as benefit some species of fish that make those habitats their home. But their widespread adoption presents several challenges and raises several concerns. The biggest issue is that-especially in the developing world-people still need to fish. It's a valuable source of employment, and an even more valuable source of protein. The FAO estimated that in 2011, 2.3 billion people relied on fish as a significant source of animal protein. A shift from seafood to other, land-based food sources like meat and agriculture may actually increase greenhouse emissions and pollution, making these threats to our oceans even worse.
Read the full opinion piece at The Hill