Saving Seafood

Science

Monkfish Money to Allow Study of the New England Fishery

June 13, 2016 — PORTLAND, Maine — The federal government says two projects designed to improve the future of the monkfish fishery will receive more than $3.7 million in grants.

The grants are going to the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth School for Marine Science and Technology and Cornell University Cooperative Extension.

The monkfish fishery was worth more than $18 million in 2014. It is based in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Fishermen also land monkfish in other states including New Jersey, New York, Connecticut and Maine.

Read the full story from the Associated Press at the Maine Public Broadcasting Network

NOAA grants SMAST $1.6 million for monkfish study

June 9, 2016 — NEW BEDFORD, Mass — Researchers at the UMass Dartmouth School for Marine Science and Technology have won a federal grant valued at $1.6 million to conduct research into the growth and movement of monkfish, NOAA announced Tuesday.

The grant is part of a unique “research set-aside” program that pays for at-sea research not with direct dollars but with fishing opportunities whose proceeds pay for the researchers and for the boat they are using.

In the case of SMAST, where Dr. Steven Cadrin and research technician Crista Bank will be doing the study, 250 days at sea allocated in the grant each year for 2016 and 2017 should produce $1.361 million to pay for the boat and $270,000 for the research over two years, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

The research set-aside program began with scallops, according to Ryan Silva of NOAA. “There are no federal funds awarded, instead there are fisheries resources,” he told The Standard-Times

Cornell University also won an award that is slightly larger than that of SMAST.

Silva said that the research set-asides are the concept of the New England Fisheries Management Council, and are unique to the Northeast fishery. “Periodically we hear from other regions,” he said, but to date none have duplicated this program.

NOAA said in its announcement that “SMAST will tag juvenile monkfish to improve monkfish growth estimates, a critical parameter for the model used in the monkfish stock assessment.”

Read the full story at the New Bedford Standard-Times

Fish can recognize human faces (and we know because they keep spitting at us)

June 8, 2016 — Archerfish are already stars of the animal kingdom for their stunning spit-takes. They shoot high-powered water jets from their mouths to stun prey, making them one of just a few fish species known to use tools.

But by training Toxotes chatareus to direct those jets of spit at certain individuals, scientists have shown that the little guys have another impressive skill: They seem to be able to distinguish one human face from another, something never before witnessed in fish and spotted just a few times in non-human animals.

The results, published Tuesday in the Nature journal Scientific Reports, could help us understand how humans got so good at telling each other apart. Or how most people got to be good at that, anyway. I’m terrible at it.

It’s generally accepted that the fusiform gyrus, a brain structure located in the neocortex, allows humans to tell one another apart with a speed and accuracy that other species can’t manage. But there’s some debate over whether human faces are so innately complex — and that distinguishing them is more difficult than other tricks of memory or pattern recognition — that this region of the brain is a necessary facilitator of the skill that evolved especially for it. Birds, which have been shown to distinguish humans from one another, have the same structure. But some researchers still think that facial recognition might be something that humans learn — it’s not an innate skill — and that the fusiform gyrus is just the spot where we happen to process all the necessary information.

Read the full story in The Washington Post

Like a Slimy Taser, Electric Eels Can Leap Out and Zap Their Prey

June 7, 2016 — This summer’s science horror blockbuster is a remake: Return of the Leaping Electric Eel!

If you have any kind of phobia of slimy, snakelike creatures that can rise from the water and use their bodies like Tasers, this story — and the accompanying video — may not be for you.

The original tale (there was, alas, no video) dates to 1800 when the great explorer Alexander von Humboldt was in South America and enlisted local fishermen to catch some of these eels for the new (at the time) study of electricity.

He wrote that the men herded horses and mules into a shallow pond and let the eels attack by pressing themselves against the horses. The horses and mules tried to escape, but the fishermen kept them in the water until the eels used up their power. Two horses died, probably from falling and drowning.

Or so Humboldt said. Though the story was widely retold, no other report of this kind of fishing-with-horses phenomenon surfaced for more than 200 years, according to Kenneth Catania, a scientist with a passion for studying the eel species in question, electrophorus electricus.

Read the full story from The New York Times

Unmanned vessels deployed for Alaska ocean research

June 6, 2016 — ANCHORAGE, Alaska — Researchers in the Bering Sea off Alaska’s west coast will get help this summer from drones, but not the kind that fly.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and private researchers are gathering data on marine mammals, fish and ocean conditions from two “autonomous sailing vessels” built by Saildrone, an Alameda, California, company.

“Think of a 20-foot outrigger canoe with an airplane wing sticking up from the middle,” said Chris Sabine, director of NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Lab, at a press teleconference Friday.

They hold great appeal for researchers because they’re far cheaper to operate than research ships and they can work in dangerous conditions of the North Pacific.

“Imagine the TV series, ‘Deadliest Catch,’ and you can imagine why we would like to remotely gather this information,” Sabine said from Seattle.

Operating by solar and wind power, the vessels can carry 200 pounds of instruments. Two were deployed last week from Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands. Part of their payload will be acoustic gear that can pick up the sounds of North Pacific right whales, one on the most endangered animals on the planet.

Read the full story at the New Jersey Herald

NOAA announces more than $11 million in grants

June 3, 2016 — The following was released by NOAA:

Today, NOAA is recommending more than $11 million in funding for 50 projects across the nation.

Of the 50 projects selected nationally, 22 projects are in the Greater Atlantic Region requesting over $4.6 million in federal support.

The list of recommended projects are in the Greater Atlantic Region is now available. Read summaries of work to be performed under these recommended projects.

For more than 60 years, NOAA has awarded grant funding under the Saltonstall-Kennedy program to organizations across the country. Funds address needs of fishing communities, support economic opportunities, and build and maintain resilient and sustainable fisheries.

“These projects represent the best in cutting-edge science and research,” said NOAA administrator Kathryn Sullivan, Ph.D. “They will help us better understand fish ecosystems, reduce bycatch, advance fish farming and improve fisheries management. All of these things help restore our fisheries and support economic growth.”

Demand for information, data, service and funding from federal agencies continues to grow. This year, NOAA received a record number of proposals—325 applications requesting nearly $77 million. In order to better match research and development proposals with mission needs and goals, this year’s recommended projects fall into seven priorities:

  • Aquaculture
  • Techniques to reduce bycatch
  • Adaptation to long-term climate and ecosystem change
  • Socio-economic research
  • Fishery data collection
  • Promotion, development and marketing
  • Science in U.S. territories

“NOAA continues to work with researchers, the fishing industry, coastal communities, and other stakeholders to build sustainable fisheries and we will continue to fund opportunities like these that help to preserve our ocean for future generations,”  said Sullivan.

Proposals underwent a rigorous evaluation process, including extensive technical review both within the agency and by an external constituent panel before final agency review.

At this point in the selection process, the application approval and recommended funding is not final. Divisions of NOAA and the Department of Commerce, NOAA’s parent agency, must still give final approval before successful applicants receive funding near the end of the fiscal year.

Maine scientist seeks keys to how sea urchins avoid aging process

June 1, 2016 — Sea urchins don’t appear to age, and researchers from Maine and Bermuda are trying to find out why.

The answer might help unlock the secrets of how to slow the aging process in humans, scientists say.

“We don’t really know how (long) sea urchins can live,” James Coffman, a scientist at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Bar Harbor, said of the spiky ocean floor dwellers. “They may be living hundreds of years.”

But when they do die, it’s not of old age, according to Coffman’s research.

That’s because sea urchin cells do not degrade, like the cells in humans or most other creatures.

“A lot of things can kill you. Old age is just one of them,” Coffman said.

He and Andrea Bodnar, a scientist from the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Studies, recently published an article on their research, “Maintenance of Somatic Tissue Regeneration with Age in Short- and Long-lived Species of Sea Urchins,” in Aging Cell, a scholarly journal. The research was funded by a two-year, $275,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health.

Coffman and Bodnar studied the differences between red sea urchins, which can live to be more than 100 years old; the purple sea urchin, with a lifespan of about 50 years; and the green sea urchin, which dies after four to five years of life. Bodnar said the sea urchin lifespans are based on observations by fishermen.

Read the full story at the Portland Press Herald

Lab In A Can To Help Identify Toxic Algae Off Washington Coast

After a massive toxic algae bloom closed lucrative shellfish fisheries off the West Coast last year, scientists are turning to a new tool that could provide an early warning of future problems.

Scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of Washington last week deployed the so-called ocean robot about 50 feet into waters off the coast of La Push, Washington, near a known hotspot for toxic algae blooms.

The tool, dubbed “a laboratory in a can,” will remain in the water until mid-July, providing real-time measurements about the concentrations of six species of microscopic algae and toxins they produce, including domoic acid.

The instrument is equipped with sensors and cellular modems that will allow it to take water samples and send that information to shore three times a week for the next several weeks. Scientists plan to deploy it again in the fall, another critical time for harmful algae blooms.

Last year, dangerous levels of domoic acid were found in shellfish and prompted California, Washington and Oregon to delay its coastal Dungeness crabbing season. Washington and Oregon also canceled razor clam digs for much of the year.

Read the full story at OPB

How fisheries impact behavioural evolution in Atlantic cod

May 31, 2016 — As seen in other animal species, fish individuals tend to react differently to a new situation. In the case of human harvest, the boldest individuals are more likely to get caught, leaving only the fearful and cautious ones to breed. But does it mean that future generations of fish will become harder to catch? This is one of the questions the BE-FISH project tried to answer.

Fish personality—consistent individual behaviour which is maintained over time and across contexts—is known to result from adaptive processes involving life-history trade-offs or physiological constraints. Concretely, a population from a single species can include individuals of the same sex, size or age which feature different behavioural traits, these traits being grouped in five major categories: shyness-boldness, exploration-avoidance, activity, sociability and aggressiveness. Various studies have demonstrated that this personality variation is heritable.

Scientists in the BE-FISH (Pace of life syndromes in fish: harvesting effects and the role of marine reserves) project have long suspected that fisheries may contribute to such evolutionary impacts in marine resources by selectively removing specific life-history traits.

Dr David Villegas-Rios, Marie Curie Postdoctoral fellow at the Flødevigen Research Station (IMR) and coordinator of the project, discusses the project results. According to him, they provide a unique link between fisheries, behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology sciences, and as such will lead the way to various national and EU projects in the coming years.

Human harvesting is a non-random activity. It often removes individuals because they are more desirable (e.g. trophy hunting) or because they are more vulnerable, as is the case for fishing. For instance, bolder individuals will enter a fishing trap more easily than shier ones. Similarly, more active fish find the nets faster than less active individuals. This means that behaviour can determine fitness.

By consistently removing individuals with certain behavioural properties, fishing practices can entail evolutionary consequences in the harvested populations. For instance, by favouring evolution towards less active phenotypes. The ecological consequences of such practices are still largely unknown but they can be maladaptive, reducing the potential for future adaptations along with the productivity of the populations.

Read the full story at Phys.org

NOAA recovers $450K scallop survey camera lost underwater last week

May 31, 2016 — NEW BEDFORD, Mass. — Scientists and crew members aboard a NOAA-chartered research vessel have recovered a $450,000 scallop survey camera that was lost a week ago when it apparently snagged on an underwater shipwreck southeast of Delaware Bay, a NOAA spokesperson said.

“We are pleased, relieved, and preparing to move forward with our (scallop) survey for this year,” Susan Gardner, acting deputy director of NOAA Fisheries’ Northeast Fisheries Science Center, said in a press release.

The Science Center owns the instrument, a habitat mapping camera known as a “HabCam.”

The camera appears to have only “minimal damage” on its exterior and is being tested by scientists, NOAA said.

Government surveys affect future catch limits for scallops, which is the highest-value species, by far, in New Bedford’s $330 million fishing industry.

Teri Frady, spokesperson for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said scientists aboard the Hugh R. Sharp research vessel were conducting scallop surveys about 75 miles southeast of Delaware Bay, which separates New Jersey from Delaware, when the HabCam “separated from the tow cable and the vessel” in about 80 meters of water May 20.

Read the full story at the New Bedford Standard-Times