Science Archives - Saving Seafood

As New England waters warm, invasive sea squirts move in

April 22, 2025 — At a dock on Cape Cod’s Buzzards Bay, a group of researchers and marine biology students lie on their stomachs, peering over the wooden planks to examine what living things are stuck underneath.

Using fishing nets and kitchen spatulas, they scrape samples into plastic trays for a closer look. Kristin Osborne, a sea squirt expert and assistant professor at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy, likes to use her bare hands.

“I said I wasn’t gonna get down here and do this, but I can’t help myself,” Osborne said with a laugh while reaching into the chilly ocean. She has a sea squirt tattoo on her left middle finger.

Sea squirts are a type of filter feeding marine invertebrate officially known as tunicates. These colorful blobs can squirt water when removed from their aquatic homes, earning them the nickname.

Read the full story at WBUR

The Future of Red Snapper Data: Using Active Acoustic Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence to Collect Data

April 16 2025 — In February, NOAA Fisheries took the initial steps to collect more comprehensive fisheries data by testing equipment that will be used to estimate the abundance of red snapper in the Gulf of America. We will use advanced video and acoustic cameras, combined with echosounders and artificial intelligence (AI) to collect these data. It’s a first-of-its-kind attempt to develop next generation surveys to improve and automate detection of red snapper, even in low visibility conditions, using acoustic technologies.

A Way of Life for Coastal Communities

Stock assessments include estimates of recreational catch, effort, and discards (when a fish is returned into the ocean dead or alive). They factor into how saltwater fishing seasons are determined. In the Southeast United States, saltwater fishing is a favorite pastime. Offshore fishing in the Gulf of America specifically has been cited as one of the top reasons people visit the region. Red snapper is the flagship species for what is considered to be the largest recreational fishery in the world. Red snapper are highly prized for their cultural and recreational value. Having an idea of their abundance in the Gulf is crucial for the sustainable management of the species and the coastal economies that rely on thriving fisheries.

NOAA Fisheries’ Responsibility

NOAA Fisheries is responsible for monitoring fish populations, managing stocks, and enforcing regulations, operating under 10 National Standards of sustainability. Our Southeast Fisheries Science Center is responsible for providing stock assessments to inform management. These assessments are a scientific report containing information on the collection, analysis, and details on the condition of a fish stock and estimating its sustainable yield. Managing sustainable fisheries is a dynamic process that requires consistent attention to new scientific information that can guide management actions.

Read the full article at NOAA Fisheries

Humanity depends on the ocean — Here is what we need to prioritize for immediate ocean science research

April 15, 2025 — Humankind is inextricably dependent on the ocean. Many of our greatest civilizations have thrived on the rim of the ocean. Today, we are more reliant than ever on the ocean for our economic, social and physical well-being.

Maritime activities, from global trade to tourism, exceed US$3 trillion annually. The “ocean economy” is the fourth largest in the world. Furthermore, our global economic vitality is largely due to the cost-effective nature of ocean transportation, which contributes to the reduced price per ton of shipped goods.

From submarine cables to shipping, fisheries and aquaculture, we are increasingly reliant on the blue economy. Roughly 20 per cent of the animal protein that we eat comes from marine fish.

The ocean has changed dramatically in the past century, and we expect more change to come. Collapses of fisheries, coral reefs, shark populations and other species — along with increased dead zones, red tide blooms and invasive species — have followed increased human development, industrial use of the sea, climate change and pollution.

Read the full article at The Conversation

Scallop study sheds light on gear choice for Maine growers

April 15, 2025 — A recent study from the University of Maine’s Aquaculture Research Institute and Darling Marine Center is offering Maine scallop farmers practical insights into gear selection and its impact on growth and profitability.

The research published in Aquaculture and reported by the Penobscot Bay Pilot compared two common farming methods- lantern nets and ear-hanging- across a full grow-out cycle in Penobscot Bay and Frenchman Bay.

According to Science Daily, suspended culture is the most common approach, with farmers typically using multi-tiered lantern nets to grow scallops to a harvestable size. UMaine shares that ear-hanging, a technique adapted from Japanese scallop farming, offers a potential alternative. This method involves drilling a small hole in the scallop’s shell and suspending it on a line, allowing for better water flow and potentially reducing maintenance needs.

Read the full article at National Fisherman

A Sign Your Fish Might Be on Drugs: Risky Behavior

April 11, 2025 — It has to be stressful: an obstacle course of giant dams, rushing rapids and hungry predators.

That’s what juvenile salmon can face when they migrate out to the salty sea from the freshwater rivers and streams where they hatched. But it turns out that a very specific kind of pollution might be giving some fish an edge, at least on part of the journey.

According to a new study published on Thursday in the journal Science, young salmon exposed to anti-anxiety drugs in the water made it past dams faster. But ecologists are doubtful that it means a survival advantage.

Pharmaceutical pollution is rampant. Nearly 1,000 drugs and their byproducts have been detected in the world’s waterways, including in surprising places like Antarctica. They enter the environment as direct pollution from drug producers, from people flushing unused medications, and from human and animal waste.

Scientists have been studying the effects of these drugs on wildlife for years, but there is still much to learn about how animals respond to the “cocktail of different pharmaceuticals” they’re exposed to, said Michael G. Bertram, a behavioral ecologist at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and a leader of the new study.

Read the full article at The New York Times

UMaine research examines best methods for growing Atlantic sea scallops

April 9, 2025 — A new study from the University of Maine’s Aquaculture Research Institute and Darling Marine Center is helping to refine best practices for growing Atlantic sea scallops, a species of increasing interest to Maine’s aquaculture sector.

Published in the academic journal Aquaculture, the research compares two scallop farming methods, ear-hanging and lantern net culture, over a complete grow-out cycle to determine which approach yields the best results for commercial growers. The study, led by UMaine postdoctoral researcher Christopher Noren, provides new insights into how each method influences scallop size and adductor muscle weight, a key factor in market value.

Read the full article at Seacoastonline

UMaine research examines best methods for growing Atlantic sea scallops in Penobscot and Frenchman bays

April 7, 2025 — A new study from the University of Maine’s Aquaculture Research Institute and Darling Marine Center is helping to refine best practices for growing Atlantic sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus), a species of increasing interest to Maine’s aquaculture sector.

The study, led by UMaine postdoctoral researcher Christopher Noren, provides new insights into how each method influences scallop size and adductor muscle weight, a key factor in market value.

Evaluating Two Common Farming Methods

Maine’s scallop aquaculture industry is still in its early stages, and growers are looking for efficient ways to scale up production. Suspended culture is the most common approach, with farmers typically using multi-tiered lantern nets to grow scallops to a harvestable size. However, this method requires frequent maintenance to manage biofouling — an unwanted accumulation of microorganisms, plants and animals — and to optimize growth conditions.

Ear-hanging, a technique adapted from Japanese scallop farming, offers a potential alternative. This method involves drilling a small hole in the scallop’s shell and suspending it on a line, allowing for better water flow and potentially reducing maintenance needs.

To evaluate the effectiveness of each method, researchers partnered with two commercial scallop farms in Maine’s Penobscot Bay and Frenchman Bay. Over four years, they measured scallop growth and the weight of their adductor muscles, the primary product from scallops that are sold in U.S. seafood markets.

Read the full article at Penobscot Bay Pilot

Critical investments needed on ocean science front to prepare, report says

April 4, 2025 — Major investments are needed for core research in ocean science and to upgrade and replace infrastructure to support use-inspired, basic research in ocean studies, said a new report published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). For more than two years, Shimi Rii, faculty member at the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology in the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), served as a member of the NASEM committee that authored the consensus study report intended to inform the next decade of research and innovation.

“In this report, we challenge ourselves and the broader ocean science community, by 2035, to establish a new paradigm to forecast ocean processes at scales relevant to human well-being,” said Rii. “What this means, is that now is the time to do science differently than we have always done it—through creative partnerships, innovative endeavors and inclusion of multiple perspectives to enhance scientific advancements.”

Read the full article at University of Hawaii News

A single dry winter decimated California’s salmon and trout populations

April 4, 2025 — A single severely dry winter temporarily, but dramatically, altered the ranges of three fishes — Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead trout — in California’s northern waterways.

In a new study, published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, biologists found that the unusually dry winter of 2013-2014 caused some salmon and steelhead to temporarily disappear from individual tributaries and even entire watersheds along the northern California coast.

“California is at the southern end of the range for several species of salmon and trout, and because of a whole host of impacts, from colonization and engineered control of western rivers to climate change, these populations have been decimated,” said study lead author Stephanie Carlson, the A.S. Leopold Chair in Wildlife Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. “Our findings provide a glimpse into how an individual extreme event can trigger the widespread and sudden collapse of multiple populations and species and potentially result in longer term range shifts.”

During California’s historic multi-year drought of 2012-2016, the 2013-2014 winter was remarkable for having both very little rain and an extremely late start to the rainy season. By the time the first large rainstorms arrived in late January and early February 2014, many streams and rivers in Northern California were very low, and in some, the mouths had dried up completely, preventing salmon and steelhead from completing their annual voyages upriver to spawn.

The study examined how the drought affected Chinook salmon, coho salmon and steelhead trout, all part of the genus known as “salmonids,” in 13 coastal watersheds ranging from Marin to Humboldt counties. While all three fish species were impacted, Chinook salmon were able to cope by shifting their breeding activities downstream. However, fish monitoring data from the summer of 2014 revealed that steelhead trout had been eliminated from a number of individual tributaries, and coho salmon disappeared entirely from three coastal watersheds.

Read the full article at UC Berkeley

New marine oil distillation methods could save producers money, industry-backed case study finds

April 2, 2025 — Germany-based marine oil distillation companies UIC and VTA, both of which are members of the industrial pipeline conglomerate Streicher Group, have published a joint case study suggesting that short path distillation of fish oils could save producers significant money.

The traditional method of refining crude oils – through chemical neutralization – treats fish oil with an alkaline solution that removes free fatty acids by turning them into soap. Though the treatment is effective, “a significant amount of the valuable product is emulsified and will be lost along with the soapstock.”

Read the full article at SeafoodSource